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ISSN: 2344 - 102X
ISSN-L: 2344 - 102X
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Volume 14, Number 2, Year 2026
| 2. INTEGRATED ACCOUNTING APPROACHES FOR ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS AND PROMOTING CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY | 
Download | | Author(s): Abbas Jumaah Al - Waeli | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB.2026.14201 | | Abstract: In this study we investigate the integration of environmental accounting practices in Iraqi industrial companies and the quantitative impact on corporate sustainability and investor attraction. In general, data were obtained from 20 companies listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange, focusing on environmental costs and their correlation with sustainability metrics. Based on the regression and correlation analysis using a quantitative approach, we found that these practices have a limited influence on sustainability outcomes, with the low R-squared of 0.016 signifying that only 1.6% of the variation in sustainability metrics could be attributed to environmental accounting practices. Moreover, the correlation analysis showed weak relationships between environmental accounting and investor attraction. Descriptive statistics showed moderate variability in awareness and adoption, where average scores were about 3.00 on a Likert scale. However, some obstacles, including inadequate training, weak regulatory support, and limited technological resources, were reported as major obstacles to successful implementation. Therefore, despite the fact that environmental accounting practices have the potential to enhance sustainability and investor confidence, the current implementation in Iraqi companies remains insufficient. A policy from this perspective might align Iraq's industrial sector with global sustainability standards so as to increase transparency, market value, and enhance environmental stewardship. | | Keywords: Environmental Accounting; Corporate Sustainability; Integrated Accounting; Environmental Costs; Iraqi Companies And Oil & Gas Industry. |
| 3. ESG Ratings in Emerging Markets: Comparative Systematic Review of ESG Disclosure Regimes in Morocco and Romania |
Download | | Author(s): Ayyoub Tagui, Fatiha Regragui, Valentin Radu | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB. 2026.14202 | | Abstract: This study provides a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of the relationship between ESG reporting quality, ESG ratings, and investment attractiveness, focusing on the contrasting regulatory contexts of Morocco (voluntary disclosure) and Romania (mandatory disclosure under the NFRD/CSRD framework). Using a PRISMA 2020 protocol, 372 peer-reviewed articles were selected from the Web of Science database and analyzed through VOSviewer bibliometric networks. Results show a rapid expansion of ESG research since 2019 and identify five dominant themes: ESG governance and disclosure, financial performance, emerging markets, corporate social responsibility, and regulatory frameworks. Co-citation analysis highlights the central influence of Stakeholder, Agency, Institutional, Legitimacy, and Signaling theories. The comparative review indicates that Romania's mandatory disclosure regime enhances reporting credibility, reduces information asymmetry, and strengthens investment attractiveness, while Morocco's voluntary framework remains less effective despite notable initiatives such as the MASI ESG Index and the AMMC's 2019 sustainability reporting guidance. Methodologically, Moroccan studies emphasize innovative approaches adapted to emerging markets, whereas Romanian research relies more heavily on advanced panel econometrics and machine-learning techniques. Together, these two contexts provide a valuable natural laboratory for understanding how disclosure regimes influence ESG information quality and investment attractiveness in emerging economies. | | Keywords: ESG Reporting; ESG Ratings; Investment Attractiveness; Sustainability. |
| 4. FORECASTING INSOLVENCY PROBABILITY THROUGH CONVENTIONAL STATISTICAL TOOLS AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION WITHIN ROMANIA'S AUTOMOTIVE RETAIL INDUSTRY |
Download | | Author(s): Ana - Maria Florentina Bobu, Veronica Grosu, Cristina Gabriela Cosmulese | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB. 2026.14203 | | Abstract: Evaluating insolvency likelihood represents a central preoccupation within financial analysis, given its profound consequences for organizational longevity and stakeholder confidence. This paper contributes to this ongoing discourse by undertaking a comparative investigation of bankruptcy prediction methodologies, specifically contrasting traditional statistical procedures against artificial neural network architectures, using empirical data drawn from Romanian passenger vehicle retailers. Our quantitative framework processes fiscal information covering the 2019-2023 period through IBM SPSS Statistics 2020, implementing both multiple linear regression and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural models, with subsequent benchmarking against the classic Altman Z-Score outputs. The evidence obtained indicates that liquidity, solvency, profitability, and indebtedness ratios exert substantial influence upon insolvency probabilities, whilst neural computing techniques demonstrably enhance forecast precision. Crucially, our comparative assessment reveals that AI-based approaches do not render conventional methods obsolete but rather augment their capabilities, delivering improved sensitivity in flagging financially vulnerable entities. The practical implications of these findings extend to corporate decision-makers, capital providers, and diverse information users, who may benefit from adopting integrated analytic frameworks that harness the complementary strengths of both methodological families. | | Keywords: Bankruptcy Risk; Artificial Neural Networks; Multiple Linear Regression; Economic And Financial Indicators; Altman Model; Financial Forecasting. |
| 5. FROM CORRECTIVE ORDER TO DOCUMENTED CLOSURE: PUBLIC EVIDENCE FROM ROMANIAN GDPR ENFORCEMENT AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NIS2 |
Download | | Author(s): Ion Burlui, Ionel Bostan | | DOI: 10.4316/EJAFB. 2026.14204 | | Abstract: Corrective measures imposed after GDPR infringements or cybersecurity incidents have limited practical value unless their implementation is documented and subsequently verified. To analyse this, we studied the most important European and Romanian laws, public reports and press releases of the competent authorities, as well as other relevant documentation and sources. We conclude that aggregate reporting of post-deadline compliance checks and repeated findings would facilitate the assessment of the effectiveness of subsequent administrative actions. | | Keywords: GDPR; NIS2; Romania; ANSPDCP; DNSC; Corrective Measures; Post-deadline Verification. |
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